Pestel Analysis For New Type Of Solar Panel Engineering Essay

Pestel Analysis For New Type Of Solar Panel Engineering Essay The reason for this report is to research the outer business condition for another sort of sun powered board that can be fitted into UK homes to produce vitality. The report comprises of three sections. The initial segment of the report gives a presentation into sun based vitality, the current market size and genuine market contenders. The subsequent part presents the four key patterns acquired utilizing PESTEL investigation, recognizing the variables influencing the beginning up of a business. The third segment reflects upon the future and the impediments looked by the sun based board/innovation industry in the UK. Data utilized in this report was assembled utilizing internet providers, for example, Google Scholar. All the sites utilized are referenced toward the finish of the report. 1.1 Solar Power and Solar Technology Sun based vitality was first utilized during the 1860s [1] by Auguste Mouchout, to create ice by changing over sun powered vitality into mechanical vitality. He later associated a refrigeration machine to this framework to deliver ice. In 1883, Charles Fritz changed over sunlight based vitality into electrical vitality. This was the greatest crossroads throughout the entire existence of sunlight based innovation as researchers had at last discovered a beam of expectation. Sun powered vitality kept on creating in the twentieth century. Sun oriented boards were at long last evolved in 1954 at Bell Laboratories utilizing silicon. By 1990, unmistakably non-restoration fuel would run out and it was basic elective wellsprings of vitality were improved. In the 21st century, sunlight based innovation has improved numerous folds. The transformation pace of sun based vitality into electrical vitality in 1954 was 6% [2]. The offices present at the Sandia National Laboratories have a change pace of 31.25% [3]. Undefined Solar Cells Crystalline sun based PV holds near 85% of the all out piece of the overall industry, leaving the rest of meager movies [4]. Which are utilized in a local situation. These can be either mounted on rooftop best in UK or confronting 90 degrees of south. Normal sun based power framework cost  £12000 and per kW of power cost from  £5000  £8000 however this lessens with time as the framework creates greater power. 1.2 Advantages Creating power utilizing sun based force gives three primary kinds of advantages: it benefits the earth, the client and the network. Sunlight based force is viewed as a Green/Clean fuel and restoration. This hinders the impacts of a dangerous atmospheric devation and keep nature clean. The advantages for a household client are: Cutting the vitality bills of the family since electrical vitality is being created from a free wellspring of vitality (Sun). When the at first expense of establishment of close planetary system is secured, the family unit will have moderately low vitality bills. A normal UK family unit can spare upto  £140 on vitality charges/year [5]. It can gives 24 hour electric flexibly to a families arranged in remote pieces of UK On the off chance that vitality has been delivered in overabundance by a local client by means of the sun based vitality framework (SES), at that point it tends to be taken care of go into the national network. This advantages the network, decreases the utilization measure of power which must be created utilizing non-restoration energizes and gives account to the maker. 1.3 Key UK based Market Competitors Different organizations introduce Solar Electric System (SES) for residential use. Different non-benefit association, for example, Narec [6], Energy Saving Trust UK [7] and The Solar Energy trust UK, advance and bolster the tasks attempted by organizations engaged with the sun based industry. Microgeneration Certification Scheme [8] guarantees that all supplies and administrations utilized in the establishment of a SES in a local encompassing is of the best quality and is altogether inspected. http://www.uk-ises.org/ Sun oriented Essence Ltd is one of the main organizations which spend significant time in sunlight based force/warming [9]. Sun based Essence is a MCS affirmed installer of photovoltaic frameworks. They were intensely associated with the crusade which prompted the Climate Change Act 2008. PV Systems built up in 1982[10] is the main supplier for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems in the UK. PV Systems planned and introduced UKs first completely incorporated PV rooftop in Oxford, UK in 1995. From that point forward they have introduced more than 1000 PV Systems. They additionally work intimately with organizations, for example, Sony, Sharp, Mitsubishi and BP Solar; creating and introducing savvy PV Systems. PV Systems is too a MCS affirmed organization; keeping up the best quality of administrations. Vitality Development Co-employable Ltd is an organization situated in Suffolk, UK since 1997. They have practical experience in giving off-matrix heavenly bodies by setting up SES in remote areas. They give galaxies to different region boards in UK, Universities (Manchester), the BBC, Intel and a lot increasingly such organizations who are attempting to lessen their vitality bill. We can expect a blast in the Solar Industry in the following decade as increasingly residential and modern clients change to green-fuel. Regions of UK, where daylight is accessible in wealth can expect new organizations giving proficient elective wellspring of vitality by means of the sun; to begin working in their regions as everybody is a champ in such an endeavor. 1.4 Market Size for Solar Power in the UK Sun oriented vitality can be possibly be an enormous scope/modest vitality supplier for UK, particularly in the mid year months consequently making more vitality autonomous from the East. Over the world, the introducing of PV expanded from 6000 MW in 2008 to 7.3 GW in 2009. UK is relied upon to have a market size of 60MW in 2010. So as to show signs of improvement thought regarding potential market size for sun based force in the UK for the following decade, an examination was directed by Energy Efficiency Partnership for Homes (EEPH). Here are the subtleties: A strategy ascertaining the utilization of Microgeneration innovation was made for a prior examination on vitality sources; this technique was utilized by EEPH so as to anticipate the conceivable number of new establishments of sun powered vitality frameworks on yearly bases from 2010 2020. This technique considered the people groups decision for microgeneration advancements. The following are the discoveries of the examination: PV framework is relied upon to have a market of 200,000units/year in 2020; customers feel they would profit extraordinarily by means of Feed-in-levy (FIT) and the capital expense to set up PV framework could be secured through FIT. This is an extremely practical with the improvement in the SES innovation and subsidizing from the legislature. In right now, sun oriented high temp water frameworks are the most favored choice(from all the microgeneration innovations by and by) by household clients of sunlight based vitality, yet are relied upon to decay as different techniques such are sight-seeing technology ad lib. The opposition to sell SES is warming up in the UK. At present, there are three kinds of organizations battling for the top spot. Right off the bat the makers, they are turning out to be an ever increasing number of like wholesalers, subsequently influencing the plan of action of the wholesalers for galaxies. Producers and wholesalers additionally need to battle huge organizations which spend significant time in introducing heavenly bodies. A value war is relied upon to drag the capital expense down for assembling, introducing and keeping up. This is anyway a fantastic news for the residential/modern customers of sun powered force. 2 External Business Environment Analysis Using PESTEL The PESTEL model is made of 6 sections. Its intended to give help to an individual or a gathering of individuals, settling on a business choices. There are different components, (for example, new laws and exchange accords) which can influence an association; PESTEL is utilized to partition the components influencing a business into 6 distinct classifications. The six classes are: Political components. Monetary components. Social elements. Mechanical elements. Natural elements. Lawful components. This piece of the report will help distinguish 4 key patterns which are destined to influence another business in the field of sunlight based industry. 2.1 Political: Government impact and activities This piece of the report centers around plans set by the administration and exchange affiliations; bringing about expanded use of restoration fuel, and foresee the impact of these plans. The administration has two principle objectives towards decreasing the emanation of carbon dioxide. They are: By 2020, intend to create 20% of all British electric gracefully by means of recharging wellsprings of vitality and by 2050 cut the carbon dioxide outflow by 60% for the UK. The current government towards these objectives is appeared in Figure 5. Prior to the administration declaration, in 2005 different exchange affiliations comprising of more than 550 organizations tended to the issue of diminishing carbon dioxide outflow and increment the utilization of reestablishment fills. By 2025 they expect 25% of UK all out vitality utilization to be delivered utilizing recharging wellsprings of vitality. [11] Figure 5[17] Shows the administration progress towards its 2050 objective Another administration conspire, which will be presented in April 2011[12] is set to declare that one of every 10 UK homes will have a rooftop based SES. This will bring about saying of upto  £900 every year for then family unit. The Scottish Government has a plan advancing and demonstrating awards for anybody utilizing the microgenerator technique for creating vitality. The administration are giving upto[13]  £4000, generally 30% of the introducing cost. Over the long haul, an ever increasing number of family units will take up having PV on their rooftops as time would likewise begin running out for the objectives set by the administration. As UK recuperates from downturn directly, the youthful age would consider microgeneration to be as an alluring prospect(also the award to take care of the capital expense) as we may experience another downturn in the following ~40 years and being going to decrease your bills in the downturn, significantly assists a family unit. 2.2 Economic: Prices of non-reestablishment fuel and normal salary This area of this report contains examination of the impact of an expansion in the expense of non recharging fuel and an increment in vitality bills. It additionally ponders the variables impacting money related the choice to put into a microgeneration innovation. A residential family unit in th

Soft Systems Methodology

One of the 21st century’s principal verbose viewpoints is the way that, over the long haul, an ever increasing number of individuals understand the basically relativist importance of the very idea of methodology.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Soft Systems Methodology explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is on the grounds that, because of the ongoing advancements in the fields of material science, brain research, artificial intelligence and humanism, the presumption that the down to earth use of a specific philosophy is being worried about finding the true ‘truth’ can never again be considered theoretically authentic. All things considered, these disclosures recommend that in this world, there is just the impartially existing reality and diverse instructive models that depict the subjective/verbose undertones of its perceptible radiations. Be that as it may, given the way that the way toward building methodologically sol id instructive models (hypotheses) is by and large definitely influenced by naturally and earth characterized subjective inclinations, with respect to the concerned researchers, it is explicitly the degree of these models’ useful convenience, which ought to be viewed as the real proportion of their ‘truthfulness’. Hence, it is completely reasonable why Peter Checkland’s Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) keeps on getting always well known, as a pragmatic device of tending to foundational issues with a firmly characterized human factor to them †SSM shows up altogether balanced with the arrangements of the prior referenced procedure related talk of innovation. In my paper, I will intend to investigate the legitimacy of this proposal finally. The principle hypothetical reason, whereupon SSM is based, is the presumption that, dissimilar to what it happened to be the situation with non-human unthinking frameworks, the elements inside human frameworks (for exam ple the group of workers) are not being exclusively characterized concerning the subjective details of these systems’ essential components, yet additionally with respect to the fluctuating parts of a ‘interconnectedness’ between the components being referred to. In their turn, the desultory highlights of this ‘interconnectedness’ never stop experiencing a spatial/subjective change, as they mirror the procedure of people’s perspectives being ceaselessly balanced, in understanding to what happened to be their carriers’ innate psychological inclinations and the situational nature of outside conditions, which influence the concerned individuals’ dynamic inclinations.Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hence, the SSM’s preeminent theoretical propose †those responsible for guaranteeing the practical hone sty of a specific human framework/association, ought not be worried about finding a generally relevant ‘solution’ to what they see comprises a presentation approaching issue, but instead with recognizing the problem’s verbose undertones. As Checkland noted, â€Å"We had moved away from working with the possibility of a ‘obvious’ issue which expected arrangement, to that of working with the possibility of a circumstance which a few people, for different reasons, may view as problematical† (2000, p. 15) . In its turn, this should set up target preconditions for the degree of the influenced people’s perceptual subjectivity, with respect to the issue being referred to, to be considerably decreased †henceforth, ‘empowering’ them, in the hierarchical feeling of this word. The SSM’s chief methodological core values can be detailed as follows: Assess the verbose centrality of a specific ‘real-world’ circums tance by the mean of estimating the multifaceted nature of its vital parts. Investigate the distinguished relations through the material models of deliberate movement, in light of unequivocal perspectives. Direct a request by scrutinizing the apparent circumstance, while utilizing the models as a wellspring of inquiries. Define a methodology towards improving the circumstance being referred to by recognizing the extent of conceivable ‘accommodations’ (renditions of the circumstance, with which the concerned partners can be pretty much agreeable). Indeed, even a concise look at these standards, permits us to pinpoint the fundamental calculated attribute of SSM †instead of what it is being the situation with the strategies of ‘hard’ sciences, Checkland’s approach suggests its hypothetical premises being the subject of a constant change/modification. This is on the grounds that, while evaluating the importance of ‘real-world’ circumsta nces, we constantly do it from our profoundly emotional existential points of view, intelligent of the quintessence of the significant outer conditions, which influence the mechanics of our intellectual commitment with the encompassing reality. Along these lines, despite the fact that that the very name of Checkland’s methodological methodology implies the thought of ‘systemness’ , inside the SSM’s hypothetical structure, this idea isn't being worried about the procedure of explores ordering the embodiment of people’s reactions to outside stimuli.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Soft Systems Methodology explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rather, it is being worried about the procedure of SSM’s professionals recognizing essential and optional inspirations driving the contemplated standards of conduct, as ‘things in themselves’. As per Ledington and Donaldson, â€Å"(In SSM) The utilization of the word ‘system’ is not, at this point applied to the world, it is rather applied to the procedure of our managing the world† (1997, p. 230). The important strides of how SSM’s experts approach expanding the effectiveness of a specific ‘soft’ system’s working can be laid out as follows: Practitioner figures the arranged change action’s support, its points, and recognizes the extent of related exercises. Specialist chooses the exercises that can be executed freely of others. Specialist chooses the exercises, the fruitful execution of which relies upon the useful usage of the autonomous ones, and dissects the subjective substance of developing conditions. Expert lessens the quantity of set up conditions by evacuating the covering ones †henceforth, laying out the most asset productive technique towards the tranformation’s execution. Thus, the fundamental segments of SSM’s worldview, normally contracted as CATWO E: Customers †people that might be conceivably influenced by the expected change, Actors †people accountable for the transformation’s usage, Transformation †the effectiveness encouraging procedure, ‘Weltanschauung’ †the subjective parts of the concerned parties’ perspectives, Owners †people equipped for keeping the ideal change from occurring, Environmental limitations †outer conditions, fit for influencing the pace of the transformation’s execution (Hardman and Paucar-Caceres 2011). By remaining completely attentive, concerning the verbose ramifications of an interconnectedness between these components, SSM’s professionals are relied upon to have the option to think of an actually legitimized arrangement for applying changes to the working of pretty much any ‘soft’ framework. The legitimacy of SSM’s theoretical arrangements can be effectively represented with respect to what represent the par ticulars of a post-mechanical living in Western nations, which thusly cause increasingly more center level chiefs to encounter troubles, while on the line of executing their expert obligations. For instance, even today it speaks to an ordinary practice among a significant number of these chiefs to accept that the degree of employees’ productivity emphatically relates with the measure of cash they are being paid. Notwithstanding, it presently turned into an entrenched certainty that the act of expanding employees’ pay rates doesn't really bring about expanding the nature of their expert performance.Advertising Searching for exposition on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The purpose behind this is clear †over the long haul, people’s mentalities towards the very thought of ‘professional satisfaction’ keep on accomplishing subjectively new nuances. Though, the possibility of accepting a satisfactory pay may fill in as a splendidly solid presentation invigorating motivator for people that experience the ill effects of financial hardships, this can't be the situation, when those that appreciate similarly elevated expectations of living are being concerned. This is on the grounds that, in full understanding with Maslow’s ‘theory of needs’, in the wake of having fulfilled their ‘first order’ existential wants (for example making sure about generously compensated occupations and purchasing houses/lofts), individuals proceed onward to look for the fulfillment of their ‘second order’ and ‘third order’ wants, for example, accomplishing self-realization, for instance (Sadri Bowe n 2011). In this way, there can be no much sense in anticipating that monetarily wealthy workers should keep seeking to be equipped for expanded compensations, as their chief need throughout everyday life, which would furnish supervisors with a justification to persevere with alluding to representatives, as people completely distracted with bringing in cash. This, obviously, makes rambling essentials for explicitly SSM to

The Feeling of Getting High on Heroin

The Feeling of Getting High on Heroin Addiction Drug Use Heroin Print The Feeling of Getting High on Heroin By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 26, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 25, 2019 More in Addiction Drug Use Heroin Cocaine Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Quite often, people who have experimented with other drugs are curious about what the heroin high feels like. The high comes with feelings of euphoria, which is one of the main reasons  people who use heroin  give for taking this dangerous drug. However, it comes with many adverse effects as well, which many who use it for the first time find very unpleasant. Illustration by Brianna Gilmartin, Verywell The Heroin High For many people who take this substance, heroin is more about avoiding or numbing pain than feeling good. Compared to other drugs, such as alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and meth, heroin is taken less for recreational and social reasons and more for  self-medication. Heroin has a high association with co-morbid anxiety and depression, which may suggest that people take this substance to help them cope with the symptoms of a mental health condition.?? After a hit of heroin, a variety of chemical changes flood the brain, instantly giving people a feeling of intense pleasure. This rush of euphoria feels very important to those who do not feel good in the first place. This is despite the rebound effect, which actually worsens unpleasant feelings over time. The heroin high creates changes to thoughts, feelings, and sensations as well. Some of these are caused by the drugs effects on the brain and nervous system.?? Other changes are dependent  on the personal background and expectations of the person taking it. For this reason, one person might find the effects to be unbearable, while another might feel relief and pleasure from the same effects. The Short-Term Effects of Heroin Euphoria Often when a person who takes heroin seeks a high, they want to feel euphoria, a pleasurable sensation caused by changes in the brain.?? For this reason, heroin can appeal to people with  depression or anxiety. Its also common among people dealing with unhappy circumstances, such as those living in poverty or someone who had an abusive childhood. False Feelings People who use heroin describe sensations of warmth and safety while they are high.?? This may be despite the fact that, in reality, they are anything but safe or warm. This is why heroin can be so appealing to people living in unsafe surroundings, including those who are  homeless. When sleeping on the streets on a cold night, a hit of heroin can make it possible to relax and get some rest. However, the risks of developing hypothermia or pneumonia will still be present. At lower doses, heroin can make a person feel calmer, less tense and lonely, and more accepting of those around them. It may help reduce the kind of anxiety that is natural to experience in certain settings. At higher doses, people often disconnect from those around them, experiencing a kind of floating, dream-like state. This can be a relief for someone with a high level of anxiety or depression, or those who feel alienated from the people and world around them.?? For someone who is more grounded, this state can be unpleasant and disorienting. They may not want to repeat the experience. Pain Relief Heroin is an opiate and can offer pain-relieving properties, just like a prescription opioid medication. The first few times heroin is used, it is very effective in reducing or eliminating both physical and emotional pain.?? This aspect can make it particularly appealing to people who have chronic pain. For instance, someone who has ongoing pain from a current or former injury or is unable to obtain proper medication for an illness might resort to heroin use for relief. The same is true for individuals who are dealing with or have dealt with, severe emotional trauma. People in desperation might use heroin as a form of self-medication as a way to decrease the emotional and mental distress associated with past abuse or painful experiences. Dangerous Effects of Heroin Many people find heroin very unpleasant the first time they take it  and never do it again. The effects that heroin has on the nervous system can cause immediate vomiting. When combined with suppressed breathing and the coughing reflex, this increases the risk of choking. Heroin can also cause constipation. Heroin tends to reduce sex drive and the ability to have an orgasm.?? Fillers and other drugs are often mixed with what is sold as heroin. The amount of actual heroin is unpredictable, so it is impossible to know whether any given dose will be strong or weak. This significantly increases the chances of overdose.?? Overdose Heroin always carries a very high risk of death by  overdose. This risk does not decrease with experience because the body develops a tolerance to it very quickly. Changes in body weight, the route of administration, and periods of abstinence or reduced use also affect how much the body can cope with. Recently, the risk of dying from an overdose of heroin has risen greatly. This is because heroin and other street drugs are often cut with fentanyl, another opiate that is 50 to 100 times stronger.?? A heroin overdose can be reversed if treated quickly. Call 911 if you think you or someone else has overdosed on heroin, and ask for an ambulance. Keep the user awake and tell the paramedic that heroin has been taken. Administer Narcan (naloxone) if available. Harm Reduction The harms associated with heroin use are potentially deadly. If you inject heroin, find a needle exchange and use clean ones every time. Do not share needles, even if you feel you know the other person well. Always use a condom when you have sex. 5 Harm Reduction Tips for Heroin Users Heroin Addiction Some people are able to manage  controlled heroin use. For those with long-standing emotional problems, a history of trauma, chronic pain, or a disadvantaged lifestyle, the risk of addiction to heroin is very high.?? If this describes your situation, and you are experiencing  peer pressure  to try heroin, it would be wise to avoid it. Instead, try to find connections to other people, perhaps through shared interests. You can also reach out for support through community agencies and look for opportunities to move somewhere else. There is a high degree of comorbidity between substance use and other mental health conditions.?? Getting therapy can help with any emotional or physical issues you may have, even before you develop an addiction. Avoiding the use of drugs for self-medication purposes can lead to the ability to build a better life and work through these issues in healthy ways. This is something that is very difficult for people who are addicted to heroin. 3 Paths of Treatment for Heroin Addiction A Word From Verywell There is a lot of help available to people who use heroin. Treatments exist and others are being developed that lessen the distress of heroin addiction and withdrawal. Talk to your doctor or a local agency to find out what is available to you.

Integrated Marketing Communication Marketing And...

There are a range of strategies and terms that play into integrated marketing communication. Integrated marketing communication can be described as 1.) Management and managing all types of marketing communications, 2.) Assuring that the brands, personality, and messages are correctly delivered from each factor of communication and from a strategy, and 3.) The analysis and implementation of all the factors of marketing communication must efficiently, economically, and successfully impact the transactions between organizations and their audience. Furthermore, the vertical integration is the most important level because it makes sure that marketing communication will be formed. Without such communication, marketing communication will not be effective and not associated with any of the essential objectives. Therefore, I will be going into detail about each level of integration and what it exactly means (Holm, 24-25). To understand integrated marketing communication they are seven levels of marketing integration. These include vertical objectives integration, horizontal integration, marketing mix integration, communication mix integration, creative design integration, internal/external integration, and financial integration. Vertical objectives integration is when the communication objectives are suitable with the both marketing and corporate objectives. Horizontal integration is defined as the marketing communication proceedings appropriately fit with the other manufacturingShow MoreRelatedBusiness Opportunity Analysis to Solve a Business Problem With the Help of Technology1685 Words   |  7 Pagesdecreasing return on marketing investment (ROMI) due to competition, inefficient customer services, and lack of innovation. The technological solutions proposed in the paper are new product development and innovation, integrated marketing management, and enterprise resource planning. 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Essay On Hate Crime - 1012 Words

The Dark Truth of the Youth: The Reality Behind the Common Motives of Hate Intro: Hook Basic background about hate / why do humans commit genocide Reference Pyramid of Hate as a Way to Understand Transition to Lord of the Flies as a means to visualize the Pyramid of Hate Thesis Why is hate critical to understand? Why is it crucial that societies teach their youth the evil of hate crimes? Teaching how hate grows is a good learning experience for children. With this information, they’ll grow up and will be able to react to hate crimes more justly. Essentially, hate crimes can be categorized into sections. There are different degrees, thus the Pyramid of Hate, as constructed by the Anti-Defamation League, shows in a simplified manner,†¦show more content†¦The Anti-Defamation League created the Pyramid to show youth how to examine the escalating nature of hate by means of analyzing its causes and knowing that it is possible to gradually minimize its detrimental power. Once the root from where hate sprouts from is uncovered, then concepts demonstrated in the Pyramid of Hate are understood and then,unjust actions seen around the world can be limited and lives can be protected. Given these points, it is inevitable that Hate would reinforce savagery , thus resulting in traumatizing deaths and ultimately, is the cause of the loss of innocence. Once hatred fills the heart, it eats away at inherent humanity. Therefore, when facing hatred, we must ask ourselves: where is love? The Pyramid of Hate shows biased behaviors growing in complexity from the bottom to the top. Once people treat the behaviors on the lower levels as the â€Å"standard,† then it gradually becomes widely accepted and is no longer questioned. The Pyramid of Hate demonstrates how hate is the cornerstone of genocide and establishes an acceptance of the negative behaviors found at the lower levels of the pyramid. As one gets closer to the point of the pyramid, the extremities of violence increases and thus, people consider these bad ideals normal and genocide becomes imminent. The behaviors at each level, all negatively impact people and can lead to life-threatening consequences.Show MoreRelatedHate Crimes Essay936 Words   |  4 PagesEssay #2: What are the roots of the violence/hate crimes today in our contemporary society? What can we do to reduce them? Explain. The world is full of HATE. What is this word? What makes someone HATE someone else enough to kill or harm another human being? Hate crimes are criminal actions intended to harm or intimidate people because of their race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, or other minority group status. They are also referred to as bias crimes. Hate crimes have been goingRead MoreEssay On Hate Crimes3099 Words   |  13 Pagesissue of hate crimes in America has become more prominent in recent years. Social media has brought light to the issue and magnified it. Hate crimes are generally defined as human rights violations, which are classified by an infringement of the basic rights that people are given, largely in the United States of America. Hate crime laws are not as strong as they ought to be, due to the vast misunderstanding of what a hate crime is and what effects it has. Many people misinterpret hate crimes, and comeRead MoreHate Crimes Essay1417 Words   |  6 PagesCrimes I. Intro-What is a hate crime . A hate crime is when a person intentionally selects a victim because of the race, color, religion, national origin, ethnicity, gender or sexual orientation. A person who commits a hate crime can come from any background and be any race. The term hate crime is meant to differentiate criminal behavior that is caused by prejudice from behavior that is motivated by greed jealously, anger, politics and like. Hate groups differ from one another in terms of membershipRead More Hate Crimes Essay902 Words   |  4 Pages Hate Crimes I. What are Hate Crimes A. Definitions for Hate Crimes B. Counting Hate Crimes 1. White Power 2. Black Power II. Examples of Hate Crimes A. Hate Crime penalties III. Reasons for Hate Crimes Even though Hate Crimes have been around in the past, and have been most certainly been more violent in the past. Hate Crimes are most certainly still a problem in todays society, but it is not dealt with the same violent manner as previously performed in the past. There are still violent actsRead MoreHate Crime Essay1551 Words   |  7 PagesAdditionally, hate crimes towards the LGBT community are on the rise. Offenders with negative views of LGBT people are inflicting pain onto those they deem sinful. According to the FBI, sexual orientation motivated nearly 18% of all hate crimes in 2016. Though the number may not seem excessive, sexuality is currently the third leading incentive for hate crimes and rising (FBI). For instance, in 2016, the New York Times reported Omar Mateen, an American who pledged allegiance to ISIS, attacked anRead MoreHate Crime Essay816 Words   |  4 PagesThe term hate crime became part of the American lexicon in 1985 when it was coined by United States Representatives John Conyers and Mario Biaggi. Although the term hate crime and societal interest in it are relatively recent developments, hate crime has deep historical roots. Throughout U.S. history, a significant proportion of al l murders, assaults, and acts of vandalism and desecration have been fueled by hatred. As Native Americans have been described as the first hate crime victims, hate crimesRead MoreHate Crime Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesDealing with Hate Crime Dealing with hate crime should be given the highest priority in America. Hate crimes have devastated many families and communities. Hate crimes grooms terrorist in their own country. It plants seeds of hate in the heart of men. Every day, a hate crime happens in public, school, community, and homes all around America. Most hate crimes do not go on report in America because the public does not see it as a hate crime. Traditionally, the FBI only investigated crimes that a perpetratorRead MoreEssay on Hate Crime1498 Words   |  6 PagesHate Crime   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Violence motivated by a bias against victims’ characteristics which include race, religion, ethnic background, national origin, gender, or sexual orientation, represents a serious threat to all communities. Experts estimate that a bias-related crime is committed every 14 minutes. Criminal justice officials and state policy makers need to realize that it is key to make or adjust hate crime legislation. This has been a heated debate for centuriesRead MoreEssay on hate crimes661 Words   |  3 Pages Defining Hate Crimes Hate crimes has become an increasing problem here in the united states ranging from racial hatred to gender discrimination but what are hate crimes? According to Dr. Jack McDevitt, a criminologist at Northeastern University in Boston Hate crimes are message crimes, Hate crimes are defined as crimes that are violent act against people, property, or organizations because of the group to which they belong or identify with. The coined term â€Å"hate crimes† was first used No matterRead MoreHate Crime Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesThe term hate crime developed in the early 1980s by reporters and government officials such as John Conyers and Mario Biaggi. Even though the interest of hate crimes has increased in recent developments, it has deep historic roots that dates back into time. Statistics of U.S. history has shown that assaults, murders, and acts of vandalism has stemmed from hatred. The first hate crime victims were Native Americans and since then almost all U.S. immigran ts have been exposed to violence, discrimination

Thyroid Cancer Specific Purpose Free Essays

The purpose for my informative speech is to inform my audience about Thyroid Cancer. Thesis: How often do you know people with Thyroid Cancer? Not much? Thyroid Cancer is a nodule in the thyroid region of the neck. Many adults have small nodules in their thyroids, but typically fewer than 5% of these nodules are found to be malignant. We will write a custom essay sample on Thyroid Cancer Specific Purpose or any similar topic only for you Order Now Organization Format: My Speech will be organized in Chronological order. Introduction: I. Attention getter: I believe that if, at the end of it all according to our abilities, we have done something  to make others a little happier and something to make ourselves a little happier, that is about the best we can do. To make others less happy is a crime. To make ourselves unhappy is where all crime starts. We must try to contribute joy to the world. That is true no matter what our problems, our health, our circumstances†¦we must try. I didn’t always know this and I am happy that I lived long enough to find it out. -Roger Ebert; thyroid cancer survivor Relevance statement: Today, Thyroid Cancer has the highest cure percentage that any other cancer has. It is common in the United States. According to the National Cancer Institute about 37,000 people are diagnosed with thyroid cancer each year. We know that Thyroid Cancer is curable, but it does have some high side effects. It is also known as a small tumor. Thyroid cancer occurs in the cells of the thyroid. A but terfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck, just below your Adam’s apple. Your thyroid produces hormones that regulate your heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature and weight. II. Topic Disclosure: Thyroid cancer is a cancerous growth of the thyroid gland. Its Symptoms may vary depending on the type of thyroid cancer. III. Preview: Today I’d like to share with you and educate you on Thyroid Cancer and its Symptoms, treatments, causes and preventions. A. Symptoms: How every individual has different side effects depending how the cancerous the gland B. Treatments: What is the cure of thyroid cancer, and keeping in good health. C. Causes and Preventions: The cause of Thyroid cancer, how to prevent it and why people get it. Body: 1. Thyroid cancer is a cancerous growth of the thyroid gland. Many symptoms of Thyroid Cancer can lead to negative side effects. †¢ A. The thyroid is located on your neck by a gland. Swelling of the neck, Difficulty swallowing, enlargement of the thyroid gland, roughness or changing voice, Neck swelling, and Thyroid lump (nodule) are symptoms of thyroid cancer. Some Symptoms may vary depending on the type of thyroid cancer or tumor a person has. Most people don’t know that they have Thyroid Cancer until they go to the doctors and they get examined. 2. The Treatment for Thyroid Cancer varies depending on the type of tumor. A. Having surgery is usually the treatment for the tumor. The entire Gland is removed. If the surgeon notices that the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, then they will also be removed. B. Radiation therapy is the medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control malignant cells. It is delivered by taking radioactive iodine is often used, with or without surgery. Radiation therapy with an external beam of radiation can also be used. C. After the treatment, you need to take a thyroid hormone to replace what your glands used to make. A thyroid hormone is responsible for regulation our hormones. The dose of the treatment is usually a little higher than what your body needs, which helps keep the cancer from returning. D. If the cancer does not respond to surgery or radiation and has spread to other parts of the body, chemotherapy may be used, but this is only effective for a third of patients. 3. The cause in thyroid Cancer can occur in all age groups. A. People who have had radiation therapy to the neck are at higher risk. Radiation therapy was commonly used in the 1950s to treat enlarged thymus glands, adenoids and tonsils, and skin disorders. People who received radiation therapy as children are at increased risk for getting thyroid cancer. As they get older the symptoms are rare. B. 1. There are different causes of Thyroid Cancer. Anaplastic carcinoma (also called giant and spindle cell cancer) is the most dangerous form of thyroid cancer. It is rare, and does not respond to radioiodine therapy. Anaplastic carcinoma spreads quickly and invades nearby structures such as the windpipe (trachea), causing breathing difficulties. 2. Follicular carcinoma accounts for about 30% of all cases and is more likely to come back and spread. 3. Medullary carcinoma is a cancer of nonthyroid cells that are normally present in the thyroid gland. This form of the thyroid cancer tends to occur in families. It requires different treatment than other types of thyroid cancer. 4. Papillary carcinoma is the most common type, and usually affects women of childbearing age. It spreads slowly and is the least dangerous type of thyroid cancer. 4. To test someone for Thyroid cancer, you must go to the medical office and a physical examination can reveal a thyroid mass or nodule which is usually in the lower part of the front of the neck, or enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. A. Once tested, the results can be as stated; showing paralyzed vocal cords, Thyroid biopsy showing anaplastic, papillary cancer cells. Final Transition statement: In conclusion, Thyroid cancer can be cured. It takes a long process to be cured but by staying healthy and getting monthly check up, you life can change. We know that there is a lot of types of thyroid cancer, but some are highly curable. Conclusion: As I educated you about thyroid cancer, I hope everyone has a good vision on the types of thyroid cancer, symptoms, treatment, the cause and why people get thyroid cancer and how people get tested on their glands for thyroid cancer. Works Cited Wyckoff Cindy. Roger Ebert. 2 march , 2010 . 15 October, 2010 . Wikipedia. Thyroid Cancer. 3 October 2010 . 15 October, 2010 . National Cancer Institute. Thyroid Cancer. . 15 October, 2010 . How to cite Thyroid Cancer Specific Purpose, Papers

Visual Display Compare and Contrast free essay sample

Color with No Bounds In the Master Piece â€Å"Man With Cane† by Fernand Leger, the color flourishes the painting in rigid shapes to create an abstract figure. Different tones varying around the art work give the colors a more mature and distinguished look. The lightly added grey hue helped the yellow stand as a rich and dull setting for the tints to offer a brighter saturation in the colors. The hue constancy in the blue is throughout the Master piece. This gives the viewer a sense of balance in the artwork and does not overwhelm them with chromatic inconsistencies.The rich and pure colors are what make this art piece stand out from its monotone background. At CrateBarrel, a contemporary furniture and home ware store, the featured item was an array of colors blended into a bed. The assortment of complimentary colors within the bed flowed smoothly with the rough texture of the shaded maroon and burnt orange portrait in the background. We will write a custom essay sample on Visual Display Compare and Contrast or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The scattered color against the white sheets gives this setting a brighter saturation, which draws the viewer’s attention. The art world is comprised of the most talented individuals in the world that see life in a different perspective. Their world of color sees no bounds and they experience every moment as it were one of their Master pieces. Every interaction an individual makes, not just artist, could lead to a spark of creativity and pave way to a new form of art. Each person has the ability to create their own sense of individuality based on what they perceive and create a unique piece of art.This goes hand in hand with how one experiences their own life and what they choose to see. Viewing this Master piece by Leger has opened a new sense I have never experienced. With the knowledge obtained throughout Visual Merchandising, I have a greater respect and knowledge on works of art and can really enjoy viewing them the way they are meant to be. A better understanding of the proper color terms, along with works of art, helped me better understand the way to view these portraits and appreciate the art in its raw form.In the Master piece â€Å"Man With Cane†, Leger uses a variety of colors that flow smoothly alongside the display I captured at CrateBarrel. The running patterns give a sense of direction towards the center of each piece. The rough, jagged edges of the shelves in the CrateBarrel display coincide with the pieces found in Legers art work. The white and grey background displayed in Legers’ work can also be seen in the comfortable sight of the white linens of the bed accompanied by the complimentary colors found in â€Å"Man With Cane†.The Master piece can show similar shapes that show various influences that can be compared. The tubing and rigged shapes towards the bottom can be compared to the shelves and drawers on either side of the bed in the display. The repetition of square shapes and similar angles gives these two a constant which helps the viewer identify when looking at each display. On the other hand, much can be seen as different as the underlying background of the display is a rich wood brown, where as the Master piece is a white and grey background.This color distinction is a huge difference and can obstruct the viewers from observing the similarities. All in all I believe that these two pieces have great similarities to each other and have influenced a new way of creating art in all ways and forms. The colors and forms of use have expanded and will keep doing so as the artistic world thrives and collides with everyday life to create and bring forth a new creative form of art.

Sexual Revolution in United States an Example by

Sexual Revolution in United States and Its Continuous Chang The sexual revolution in United States was first introduced by Margaret Sanger during the 1920s. The concept of the sexual revolution evolved in the sexual behavior and morality of the people particularly in the Western part of the world. Need essay sample on "Sexual Revolution in United States and Its Continuous Chang" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed When Sanger introduced the concept of the birth control, eventually, all the legal prohibition in the U.S. constitution that pertains against birth control is cast off. The abortion has become a legal act in the United States and the use of contraceptives has become rapid. Despite the opposition of the Catholic Church, many Catholics (people) accept the birth control and abortion. As the years pass by, there are lots of changes in the society especially in the Western countries. It has become more liberated than before. And since, abortion and contraceptives are legally and morally accepted by many people there, even youngsters and teen aged citizens are involved in sexual intercourse. There are increasing numbers of case of unexpected pregnancy among young generation. This is because people involve in such activity might think that contraceptives could be a safe protection from pregnancy. However, contraceptives are not always giving assurance for the user that it would always work properly. Thus, people might think that they could always perform sexual intercourse without getting pregnant. Aside from that, since abortion, in the United States, is legal, many people are not really afraid to get pregnant even though they are still not yet ready for the responsibility of parenting because the solution of aborting the infant could be legally done. Along with these issues in sexual revolution, there are reasons why such occurrences are happening. First, there is increase in financial capability of a woman to buy contraceptives like pills because they could already earn money in the modern days unlike before that they are used to be in the home. Another reason is the technology and new inventions of the science that could apply in our daily living. Modern science and technology are always there to give the people the solution to their problems like teenage pregnancy and others. And also, along with the new generation, the liberal ideas spread out through the world, that is why, even the behavior of the people which is influenced mostly by media are now evolved into more liberated ones. Among the issues of sexual revolution, the most important one for the United States, I think, is the issue of abortion. This is because even before, it has been an issue world wide, given that the United States is one of the top countries in the world, it has become a model for other countries to pass the same bill. And also, it is considered as liberated western country that is why it stands on its stand that abortion is legal. However, as of these days condition, that the United Nation has the Millennium Development Goal to decrease the mortality rate of an infant, it is a challenge for the United States to comply and share with the global goal. References Smith, M. G. (2002). The Public Policy of Casey v. Planned Parenthood. Leadership U, Chapter 4, The Casey Court and the Sexual Revolution (no pages). Retrieved on November 10, 2007 from http://www.leaderu.com/humanities/casey/ch4.html.

Heart Idioms and Expressions for ESL Learners

Heart Idioms and Expressions for ESL Learners The following English idioms and expressions use the noun heart. Each idiom or expression has a definition and two example sentences to help you  understand these common idiomatic expressions. Once you have studied these expressions, test your knowledge with a  quiz testing idioms and expressions with heart. Break Someones Heart Definition: Hurt someone, usually romantically, or to cause some great disappointment. Angela broke Brads heart last year. He cant get over her.I think losing the job broke his heart. Cross Your Heart and Hope to Die Definition: Phrase meaning that you swear you are telling the truth. I cross my heart and hope to die. Shes coming tomorrow!Do you cross your heart and hope to die? I wont believe you otherwise. Eat Your Heart Out Definition: To be jealous or envious of someone else. Im going to New York next week. Eat your heart out!When he hears about your promotion hell eat his heart out. Follow Your Heart Definition: Do what you believe is right. I think you should follow your heart and move to Chicago.She said she had to follow her heart and marry Peter, even if her parents didnt approve. From the Bottom of My Heart Definition: Usually used in the first person, this phrase means that you are completely sincere. Youre the best player on the basketball team. I mean that from the bottom of my heart.I think you are a wonderful person. Really, I mean that from the bottom of my heart. Get at the Heart of the Matter Definition: Discuss the main issue, concern. Id like to get at the heart of the matter by discussing our marketing proposals.She didnt waste any time and got right to the heart of the matter. Be Halfhearted About Something Definition: Not do or take something completely seriously. I wish you werent so halfhearted about this new project! Get serious!She was rather halfhearted in her attempts to find a job. Have a Change of Heart Definition: Change ones mind. Fred had a change of heart and invited the young boy into his home.I wish you would have a change of heart about Tim. He really deserves some help. Have a Heart of Gold Definition: Be very trustworthy and well-meaning. Peter has a heart of gold if you give him the chance to prove himself.You can trust her. She has a heart of gold. Have a Heart of Stone Definition: Be cold, unforgiving. Shell never understand your position. She has a heart of stone.Dont expect any pity from me. I have a heart of stone. Have a Heart-to-Heart Talk Definition: Have an open and honest discussion with someone. I think its time we had a heart-to-heart talk about your grades.She called her friend Betty to have a heart-to-heart talk with her about her problems. Have Your Heart in the Right Place / Ones Heart in the Right Place Definition: To mean well, have the right intentions. Come on, you know John has his heart in the right place. He just made a mistake. Know Something by Heart /Learn Something by Heart Definition: Know something such as lines in a play, or music perfectly, to be able to perform something by memory. He knew all his lines by heart two weeks before the performance.You need to learn this piece by heart next week. Have Ones Heart Set on Something /Set Against Something Definition: Absolutely want something / Absolutely not want something. She has her heart set on winning the medal.Frank has his heart set against his promotion. Theres nothing I can do to help him. Ones Heart Misses a Beat / Ones Heart Skips a Beat Definition: To be completely surprised by something. My heart missed a beat when I heard the news that she was pregnant.She was so surprised by the announcement that her heart skipped a beat. Pour Ones Heart Out Definition: Confess or confide in someone. I poured my heart out to Tim when I discovered that I hadnt received the promotion.I wish you would pour your heart out to someone. You need to get these feelings out. Take Heart Definition: Have courage. You should take heart and try your best.Take heart. The worst is over.

How does the internet effect social change Essay

How does the internet effect social change - Essay Example This molds an individual into falsehood and can be easily manipulated. For example, one is inclined to be like entertainment idols; by the way, they dress, act or live. Considering the existing internet connections, online communities have emerged and have acted as catalysts for advocacy and activism. This has been achieved through instant messaging social sites, which provide a platform for exchange of ideas and information (Nuert). Social activism via the internet has seen government regimes being toppled as in the case with Egypt. Internet advocacy also enhances relief campaigns in cases of tragedy or conflict as with the case of Haiti earthquake, recently. In addition, relatives separated by geographical barriers can keep in touch using electronic mail, which is more efficient. Taking into account the ever-advancing technology, video calls over the internet can be made to bridge the gaps. Furthermore, the internet plays a crucial role in the education sector by providing vital information to all, considering the introduction of the distant learning; internet has enabled people to gain knowledge bridging the geographical barriers. However, negative effects can be experienced with the development of abbreviations used during instant messaging, which degrades English grammar. The internet also increases public knowledge by providing information about things that affect their daily life, and knowledge about one’s health and environment is vital for effective development. University of California, Los Angeles. Internet Peaks As Americas Most Important Source Of Information. ScienceDaily. 10 Feb. 2003. Web. 8 Oct. 2012.

Masculnity, Consuerism & Death Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Masculnity, Consuerism & Death - Essay Example With the continual threat to the position of Men in the society men are increasingly being forced to reassert their masculinity through violence and this only results in more tension in the society. According to the film fight club, the modern man is feeling that his masculinity is at risk and his dominant role as the stronger sex is also waning. There are several instances in the movie where men are employed to serve other men and women in higher positions of power. Most of the men holding such jobs as waiters are increasingly developing a feeling that their sense of masculinity is under attack and have consequently come together under the fight club to fight and regain their lost position in the society (Connell, 15). All these clearly indicate how far some men may be ready to go in their bid to regain their masculinity and lost glory in the contemporary society. For example Jack is evidently dissatisfied by both his job and the vents taking place in his life. In his attempts to fi ght the resulting depression Jack fills his life with a number consumer goods most of which he considers to be meaningless. It is only after meeting Tyler Durden who also shared the same view that Jack was able to reflect on his masculinity. After listening to Tyler, Jack realizes that he is a slave of the â€Å"white collar† and they both attempt to free themselves from the ills of the current consumer culture by forming the fight club. This paper critically analyses the movie Fight club to highlight some of the relationships between masculinity, consumerism and death. Relationship between consumerism, Masculinity and Death One important character that has been effectively used in the movie to highlight the conflict between the current consumer culture and masculinity is the character â€Å"Jack†. In the movie, Fight club, Jack is depicted as a cynical young man who has significantly been affected by the adverse effects capitalism and consumerism in our contemporary s ociety. Being a white heterosexual male who often associate themselves with power, Jack is frustrated and subdued by his waning sense of masculinity and has grown violent and aggressive. On the other hand, the connection between these frustrations and death has been depicted in the movie in many forms. For example, frustrations of the male members of the society have often been associated with literal deaths resulting from suicides, homicides and murders. Additionally death can also be in figurative forms such as the death of masculinity, economic death as well as the loss of happiness among the affected members of the society Our ideas of masculinity are usually shaped by the media, movies, literature as well as the society. As a result of such influences, men often grow with the full knowledge of what is expected of them in the society. For instance men are expected to be tough, confident successful, self reliant and aggressive. On the other hand, the society has also conditioned men to believe that certain behaviors, jobs or responsibilities are not masculine in nature. Generally men are not expected to serve as waiters, cooks and other positions considered low in the society. With the changing roles brought about by the effects of corporate capitalism, feminism and the current consumer culture, masculinity is facing a slow death as our society is gradually being feminized by the shifting gender roles. In the movie â€Å"fight club† Jack and Tayler are depicted as having gone to the

Institution Based View of Business Strategy | Case Study

Institution Based View of Business Strategy | Case Study An industry-based view, illustrated by Porter (1980), decides firm strategy and performance. Sustainable competitive advantages can be discovered by industry analysis and by selecting from the generic strategies. The competitive strength and the firms ability can maintain positional advantages through the efficient and effective implementation of competitive strategy. (Morgan et al, 2004) Secondly, a resource-based view (RBV), was demonstrated by Barney (1991), advocates that firm-specific differences determine strategy and performance. RBV emphases internal resources and capabilities of organisations (Peng et al, 2009). RBV portraits companies as idiosyncratic bundles of resources and capabilities that are available for distribution by the organizations business units. Heterogeneity in the resources and capabilities is the reason of variations in organization performance. Sustainable competitive advantage is not the result of correct position in the external environment but is derived from the organizations internal resources, which are valuable, inimitable, rare, and nonsubstitutable. Industry-based view and resource-based view are complementary because they settle the relationship between a organizations resources and capabilities and its positional advantage by arranging how resources and capabilities are coordinated with market situations, the suitability of planned resource and capability and the quality of strategy implementation. (Morgan et al, 2004) Emerging economies institutions are largely different from those in developed economies. Formal and informal institutions are commonly recognized as the rules of the game that importantly outline the strategy and performance of both domestic and foreign firms in these economies. (Peng et al, 2008). Institution is the humanly created constraints that structure human interaction (Peng et al,2009). It is regulative, normative, and cognitive structures and activities that provide meaningful and stable social behaviour (Scott,1995). Institutions can be generally classified as formal and informal. Institutions rule societal issues in the areas of politics (e.g., corruption, transparency), law (e.g., economic liberalization, regulatory regime), and society (e.g., ethical norms, attitudes toward entrepreneurship). The culture can be viewed as a part of informal institutions in the environment that support formal institutions (Redding, 2005). Formal institutions (such as laws and regulations) and informal institutions (such as norms and cognitions) have long been presumed as background. However, Institution-based view is important for better understand the growth of emerging economies by investigation the complicated and fast changing relationships between organizations and institutions. (Pang et al, 2008) Institution-based view help internationalizing emerging economies companies to improve their competitiveness, knowledge of the game rules of abroad. In short, the industry-based view does not pay sufficient attention to contexts. Likewise, the resource-based view has been criticized for its little exertion to establish suitable contexts (Priem Butler, 2001). Barney (2001, p. 52) admitted the value of a firms resources must be understood in the particular market context within which an organisation is running. The frustration has called for the new perspective that can conquer these problems. The result is the rise of the institution-based view (Peng et al., 2008). An institution-based view focuses on the dynamic relations of institutions and organizations, and considers strategic choices as the result of such an interaction (Peng et al,2009). Strategic choices are not only determined by industry situations and company capabilities, but also the formal and informal constraints of a particular institutional situation. (Jarzabkowski, 2008) Therefore, IB strategy cannot just focus on industry conditions and capabilities. An institution-based view, in combination with the industry- and resource-based views, thus puts the strategy tripod on firmer ground. Institutions are much more than background conditions and it determines the formulation and implementation of strategy and creation of competitive advantage. Emerging economies is tended to have more essential and integrated changes to the formal and informal rules of the game which are regarded as institutional transitions (Peng et al, 2009). There are two core propositions emerging out of the institution- based view to reduce uncertainty in emerging market (Peng et al, 2008). The first proposition is that managers and companies rationally hunt for what they interest and make strategic choices within the formal and informal institutional situation. The second one is while formal and informal institutions combine to rule the organisation behaviour, if formal constraints are ambiguous or failed, informal institution will play a larger role in reducing uncertainty by providing guidance and legitimacy. For example, the institution-based view suggests that if a firm cannot be a cost or a differentiation leader in the markets, it can still overcome the competitors in nonmarket political area where informal relationships has large influence. (O liver Holzinger, 2008) There are three important questions in strategy that institution-based view brings new views beyond the perspectives of the industry-based and resource-based views. (Peng et al, 2009) The first question is why do firms differ? A major assumption in strategy, especially from the resource-based view, is firm heterogeneity. (Barney, 1991) It is long recognized that economic growth can hardly happen in ill-regulated economies. However, given Chinas strong economic growth and its underdeveloped formal institutional structures, there is always a question that how can Chinese economy become fast growth with such an institutional situation. An answer suggests that interpersonal networks (known as guanxi) which are used by managers may serve as informal substitutes for formal institutional support (Peng Heath, 1996). In other words, interpersonal relationships among managers are considered as an interfirm strategy of networks and alliances to grow the company that support to the growth of the economy (Peng Luo, 2000). There is a prevalent belief that guanxi and the related network-based strategies are commodities of the unique Chinese culture that favours collectivism (Peng et al, 2009). The use of informal networks during institutional transitions is mentioned in the second proposition, which stresses the stronger dependence on informal constraints to handle potential opportunism and transactions when formal market-supporting institutions are immature. From the first proposition, managers and organizations act rationally under these circumstances. In institutional situations, industry-based and resource-based views alone will not provide a strong reason of the differences between firms (Khanna Yafeh, 2007). Overall, in situations that formal institutions are weak, informal institutions, such as norms ruling interpersonal relationships, will play a larger role in organisation strategies and performance (Peng Heath, 1996). It is important to note that foreign entrants have also positively facilitated their network and relationships when going global, as shown by the abundant international strategic alliances with local organizations (Peng et al, 2009). For example, the UK retailer Boots opened a new shop in Japan. Although the Japanese market has opened to foreign company in recent years, the regulation, cultural norms and arcane business practices are still difficult for foreign firms. By being successful in adapting its style of retailing to the Japanese market, Boots found the best way to overcome the barriers that all foreigners face by adopting the strategy tripod. (Financial Times, 2000) As mentioned, strategic choices are not only driven by industry situations and firm capabilities, but also the formal and informal constraints of a particular institutional framework. For example, the company has reformulated more than 2,000 of its products to gain a Japanese licence, despite they meet the UK and US standards. Also, Boots has redesigned the packaging of its products to meet the Japanese preference and culture. Institution-based view helps to understand the impact of institutional transition (Peng, 2003). For example, at the beginning, Boots was unable to bring many of its products to Japan due to its regulations. Yet, the situations changed and there are new regulations that ease restrictions on imports of ingredients used in cosmetics. This helped in the formulation process and logistics process of Boots. Besides, Boots has realised the special rule of the game in Japan. The buy two, get one free campaign were failed in Japan. It is because many of its customers are single or have small families and they do not need to buy a large amount of products. Furthermore, to solve the regulation, cultural norms and arcane difficulties, Boots has adopted the institution based strategy to gain local support. It therefore formed joint venture with Mitsubishi. It is a good solution for complicated government contacts because Boots is dealing with logistics, contacts in the legal profession, healthcare professionals and advice on localising the business are very important for Boots. Apart from the institution-based view, Boots has adopted another two legs of views to compete in the market such as the introduction of seating at its cosmetics counters and this is an usual arrangement in Japanese stores. Besides, it has changed the packaging of its products to meet the Japanese preference for lavish presentation and the concept of lipstick amnesties that customers return old lipstick and get a free replacement. Even though the industry-based view is important for gaining the economy of scale and competing the rivalries by competitive advantage, and resource-based view is important for identifying the firms potential key resources and product differentiation, but organizations like Boots still actively seek to make use of the rules of the game. In terms of benefits, an institution-based view can help firms like Boots in emerging economies improve their competitiveness. Boots is necessary to know more about the rules of the game abroad that may be different from the familiar rules at home. Therefore, it is natural to expect firms in emerging economies (including some foreign entrants) to perform similarly (Lewin Kim, 2004). The second question is how do firms behave? The industry-based view suggests that the strategic task is primarily to remove a position that is vulnerable according to the five forces within an industry. The resource-based view uses capabilities to differentiate successful firms from failing ones. The institution-based view adds by arguing that except industry- and firm-level conditions, organizations also need to consider the effect of formal and informal rules of the game. Most research on entry barriers has focused on market-based variables such as economies of scale and product differentiation, but not nonmarket-based, institutional variables such as antidumping laws which are clearly considered as entry barriers in IB. The industry-based view, based on Porters five forces, rarely consider questions behind such rivalry. In international trade, the hunt of a cost leadership strategy that neglects host country trading laws and regulations can simply cause legal action such as antidumping (Peng et al, 2009) Foreign firms are often discriminated by the formal rules of the game in many countries (Peng et al, 2009). Discrimination is also obvious in the case of antidumping. Overall, when industry- and resource-based views fail, there is a strong implication for domestic organizations under competitive pressures to use an institution-based view by filling an antidumping petition to organisations which are selling below cost and planning to raise prices after eliminating domestic organisations. (Schuler et al., 2002). The IB strategy , concerning foreign market entry, needs to keep an eye on antidumping as entry barriers and institution-based view pays large attention to the strategic topic of antidumping. Besides, grey markets are defined as legal importation of genuine products into a country by grey marketers as they buy products cheaper in countries and sell it in another at higher prices. The grey marketer has to be careful as grey market is not legal in every country as it is banned in EU as retailers cannot sell products without the consent of trademark owners. UK supermarket leader Tesco has lost its legal combat for the right to sell cut price Levis jeans in a case which has implications for trade mark owners and retailers operating in the grey market. Tesco bought jeans from wholesalers in the US and Canada where jeans are sold more cheaply. The jeans were sold in the UK at about half the price suggested by Levis. (BBC, 2002) In short, company should not just keep an eye on industry based view and resource based view only but institution-based view as doing business needs strong knowledge about the formal and informal rules governing competition in various countries. What determines the success and failure of firms around the globe is the third question. From the cases above, it is obvious that it is difficult to imagine firms that do not know the rules of the game in a particular country will become winners. In general, an institution-based view suggests that the success and failure of firms around the world, at least in part, are allowed and constrained by the different rules of the game (Peng et al., 2008) The institution-based view has added meaningfully new insights to three questions above. Overall, the institution based view complements the industry-based and resource-based views to collectively sustain a strategy tripod. Industry position, resource and capability, and institutions all affect organisation strategy and performance. The institution-based view suggests that foreign entrants need to develop a strong knowledge of the rules of the game, both formal and informal in host countries. The industry-based view suggests that the degree of competitiveness in an industry determines organisation performance. The resource-based view suggests that firm-specific capabilities determine performance differences. The institution-based view argues that institutional forces also provide an influence to differences in firm performance because of its significant effects on exporters strategy and performance beyond the impact of firm competencies and industry factors. An institution-based view of IB strategy in combination with industry and resource-based views do not only help su stain a strategy tripod, but also provide significant new perspectives of international business that what determines organizations strategy in IB and What determines the international success and failure of organizations.

Ethics in Our Everyday Lives Essay

This paper will discuss how ethics relate in our everyday lives and more specifically how ethics are used in our workplace also how ethics are used by companies. This paper will also cover how businesses have implemented ethical procedures, standards and how these businesses flourished because of the effective use of ethical standards. â€Å"I consider ethics, as well as religion, as supplements to law in the government of man.† Thomas Jefferson Ethics in our Everyday Lives. As a society we are faced with ethical problems every day, and how we handle these situations shape our culture and lives. However, what are ethics? The meaning of â€Å"ethics† is hard to pin down, and the views many people have about them are shaky. People tend to associate ethics with their feelings. But being ethical is clearly not a matter of following one’s feelings, nor should one identify ethics with religion, the law or â€Å"whatever society accepts.† Ethics refers to the constant effort of studying our moral conduct, and our own moral beliefs, and striving to ensure that we, and the institutions we help to shape, live up to standards that are reasonable and concrete. It is not enough to be able to do the right thing when we ourselves have nothing to lose. We must be willing to fulfill our ethical obligations at the expense of our self-centered desires and vested interests. (Dr. Richard Paul & Dr. Linda Elder, 2003) In short, ethics is doing what is right even when no one is looking. Well-founded standards of right and wrong that advocate what humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights, benefits to society, obligations, fairness, or specific virtues stem directly from having ethics. Ethical standards also impose the judicious obligations to refrain from rape, stealing, murder, assault, and fraud, therefore a society with a strong code of ethics tends to run smoothly. A society with no code of ethics could very well develop into anarchy. Although arguments have been made, to the contrary, ethics are just as vital in the workplace. Ethics are essential in the workplace because a tough ethical code provides a non-threatening environment with high employee morale, a company that exhibits clear-cut ethics tends to show higher profits, and simply because it is the right thing to do. Perhaps most important, attention to ethics in the workplaces helps ensure that when leaders and managers are strugg ling in times of crises and confusion, they retain a strong moral compass, and this goes for the workers as well. The Ethics Resource Center, a non-profit, non-partisan organization devoted to business ethics, released the results of its 2005 National Business Ethics Survey, polling more than 3000 workers across America. The results were disheartening; 21% observed abusive or intimidating behavior toward employees. 19% observed lying to customers, employees, vendors or the public. 18% observed situations that placed employee interests over company interests. 16% observed violations of safety regulations and misreporting of time worked (Verschoor, 2000, pp. 19-20) Environments that accommodate these low ethical standards tend to feel hostile to the average employee. When this behavior is witnessed repeatedly over time, it lowers morale. And low moral easily leads the employee feels no loyalty towards the company and in turn the company feels no loyalty towards its employees. A workplace that encourages the effective ethical administration, however, is a workplace that breeds strong morale. Patricia Harned, ERC president, states â€Å"Creating a strong ethical environment should be a top priority of all companies.† (Verschoor, 2000, pp. 19-20) According to â€Å"Workplace Ethics†, a company with strong ethical guidelines has a few commonalities. Companies watch encouraged communication; the staff feels open and unthreatened about reporting and discussing ethical concerns. They also clarify rewards and punishments, which provides a meaningful context to what otherwise seems arbitrary. Businesses that encourage trust between management and employs well tend to have a much easier time enforcing their ethical standards. Also businesses found out that by promoting this strategy that it was much less expensive and more effective than legally defining and enforcing their ethical standards. These organizations also build corporate values, which improves the corporate image. (Compilation, 1999) This creates an environment that employees find a joy to work in. Furthermore, from a corporate perspective it is just as significant to note that an ethical company tends to be a profitable company. Can a company have ethical practices, and still show a profit? Yes, according to Business Ethics magazine. By concentrating on the effects of business decisions made and how they enhance or diminish the well being of others, benefits can be seen for the company, the employee, the stockholder, and the consumer. Many of the corporations that show up on the 100 Best Corporate Citizens by Business magazine also show up on Fortune magazine’s 100 Best Companies to Work For in America and Working Mother magazine’s Best Companies to Work For. (Do Good, Do Well, 2001, p. 28) Starbucks is one of these companies and has been a regular on these lists. Starbucks is working to empower farmers in East Timor, where coffee provides the livelihood of 25% of the population. The company also participates in various external programs to help benefit the envir onment and provide relief efforts after disasters. Internally, Starbucks offers many benefits to its employees-including tuition reimbursement, partner benefits, a wellness program and a 25 to 150% match in its 401(k) plan. (Examining the benefits of corporate social responsibility, May1 2006) These factors are just some that contribute to the success of Starbucks and provide the company with the foundation to build a coffeehouse on every street corner. Another company that is perennially honored for its ethical conduct is Southwest Airlines. Although the airline industry has been through what some may characterize as catastrophic circumstances over the last several years Southwest has never cut employee pay. In fact, the organization’s employees took a voluntary pay cut after Sept. 11, 2001, rather than allow surging costs to force Southwest to reduce its flight schedule. â€Å"I’ve been here 28 years,† states Donna Conover, Southwest’s executive vice president of customer service, â€Å"and from the beg inning, we’ve felt that employees are our greatest assets.† (Examining the benefits of corporate social responsibility, May1 2006) An unethical company, however, can expect none of these benefits, and it may actually be part of the reason for failing. A perfect example of an unethical fallout would be that of the oil giant Enron. Former Enron chairman Kenneth Lay, discussing his company’s collapse due to fraud, and insider trading and tax evasion, recently insisted that his once great and honest company adhered to prevailing business practices. â€Å"The Enron task force investigation is largely a case about normal business activities typically engaged in on a daily basis by corporate officers of publicly held companies throughout the country,† Lay insisted in a December 2005 speech. Lay went on to say that the Enron task force was â€Å"attempting to criminalize† what he characterized as common business practices. Under Lay’s perverted ethics code, transactions meant to deceive are not wrong if these transactions, legal or not, are commonly practiced by corporate America. Stockholder s often paid the price of such as moral relativism. (Zamansky, 02/01/2006, p. 11a) This points out what should be the overriding reason for expecting high ethical standards in the workplace-it’s the right thing to do. A recent survey by The Society for Human Resource Management found that 54% of human-resource professionals surveyed had witnessed conduct in the workplace which violated either the law or common practices of their organizations. Some of the violations witnessed ware, Fair Labor Standards Act, violations of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, employees engaging in fraud, falsifying records, altering the results of product tests, and misusing insider information. (Schumann, Spring/Summer 2001, p. 93) The survey found that 47% of those surveyed felt pressured to compromise ethical standards to achieve business objectives. They stated that they did not report observed conduct due to factors such as fear of retribution, lack of trust in the organization’s procedures, the desire to be part of the team, or a feeling that ethics were unimportant to the organizations. (Schumann, Spring/Summer 2001, p. 93) The main culprit for this pervading ethical dilemma is moral relativism. Moral relativism is the belief that because different people have different moral principles, there is no way to pass judgment on these principles as to their validity or lack thereof. Taken to its extreme, this belief would allow any action, from lying to murder, if the perpetrator simply believes his moral framework does not preclude that action. An excellent example of this new moral relativism is recounted by Rhonda Gibbs. â€Å"About three years ago,† she recalls, â€Å"My daughter’s high school basketball coach, (also a teacher), was having a relationship with a minor.† The relationship, she details, was very obvious to those who had daily contact with the pair. Staff, faculty, and students watched the relationship develop over a period of nine months to a year; however, not a single person spoke up about the impropriety of this relationship or the seriousness of this crime. Whether for reasons of not wanting to upset the coach, not wanting to look like a whistle blower, or simply to maintain the status quo, this teacher’s colleagues, the very people charged with protection of the young girl, allowed him to violate her for at least nine months. The school was only forced to deal with the issue when outside parties informed the police. Although the landscape sometimes looks bleak for the proponents of a strong ethical society, ethics do get used in a moral fashion, as this next example illustrates. Some surplus land adjacent to a shopping center was donated to a city by the developers who owned the mall. The land was earmarked by the builders to be used for community soccer fields. They then spent large sums of their own money to develop the fields. The donated land was adjacent to a river, and after many years of spring floods swamping the fields, the city abandoned them. The developers, realizing that the land was no longer being used for their intended purpose, contacted the city. Developers are notorious for taking otherwise useless land and turning it into acres of parking lots. These individuals, however, decided to transform the property, at their own expense, into a community wetland park. This transformation took over two years and several hundred thousand dollars. These businessmen, who were well within their rights to demand the land back since it wasn’t being utilized for its donated purpose, instead did the ethical thing at great cost to themselves. As I can be seen, ethics are important in the workplace and our every day life as well because they provide higher profits, higher morale, and ethical behavior is the proper course of action. Whether decisions made affect the operation of a home, small business, large corporation, or a nation, a clear ethical foundation will always serve to improve our society. References Compilation. (1999). Bulletpoint. Retrieved May 6, 2006, from Workplace Ethics Web site: http://web107.epnet.com Examining the benefits of corporate social responsibility. (May1 2006). Employee Benefit News, pITEM0612100B. Retrieved May 5, 2006, from http://find.galegroup.com. Do Good, Do Well. (2001, January). Workforce, 80, 28. Retrieved May 5, 2006, from http://find.galegroup.com. Dr. Richard Paul & Dr. Linda Elder. (2003). The Miniature Guide to Understanding the Foundations of Ethical Reasoning. The Foundation for Critical Thinking. Guest, E. (n.d.). SoFinesJoyfulMoments. Retrieved May 8, 2006, from Mary (Garren) Morand Web site: http://sofinesjoyfulmoments.com/quotes/sermon.htm Schumann, P.L. (Spring/Summer 2001). A moral principles framework for human resource management ethics. Human Resource Management Review, 11 (1/2), 93. Retrieved May 6, 2006, from http://web102.epnet.com. Verschoor, C. (2000, December). Ethical Culture: Most Important Barrier to Ethical Misconduct. Strategic Finance, 87, 19-20. Retrieved May 6, 2006, from http://web107.epnet.com. Zamansky, J. (02/01/2006). At the least, former Enron chiefs are guilty of moral bankruptcy. USAToday, 0734-7456, p. 11a. Retrieved from http://web102.epnet.com.

How Can We Become a Good Citizens? & Ways to Be a Good Citizens

A good citizen is one who properly fulfills his or her role as a citizen. There are many opinions as to what constitutes a good citizen. Theodore Roosevelt said, â€Å"The first requisite of a good citizen in this Republic of ours is that he shall be able and willing to pull his weight. † Education is sometimes viewed as a prerequisite to good citizenship, in that it helps citizens make good decisions and deal with demagogues who would delude them. Roger Soder writes that in a democracy, where the demands of good citizenship are placed upon all, â€Å"only the common schools can provide to all the education that all need. † Science literacy is also frequently touted as a key to good citizenship. Good citizenship is sometimes viewed as requiring both intellectual skills (such ascritical thinking) and participatory skills (such as deliberating civilly, monitoring the government, building coalitions, managing conflict peacefully and fairly, and petitioning, speaking or testifying before public bodies). Henry David Thoreau wrote that men who serve the state making â€Å"no free exercise whatever of the judgment or of the moral sense†¦ are commonly esteemed good citizens. † Orit Ichilov notes that children â€Å"tend to perceive the government in the image of an ideal father that is benevolent and protective. At this stage, the good citizen is characterized as one who, through his behavior, proves himself one worthy of the love and protection of the government rather than one possessing certain political obligations and rights. Through their early school years, children usually continue to think in apolitical terms of their citizenship, expressing loyalty by their desire to remain in their country due to an attachment to its beauty, wildlife, and good people. By age twelve or thirteen, they begin referring more to political qualities, such as the nature and values of the regime. High school seniors define the good citizen primarily in political terms. Some students defin e good citizenship in terms of standing up for what one believes in. Joel Westheimer identifies the personally responsible citizen (who acts responsibly in his community, e. g. by donating blood), the participatory citizen (who is an active member of community organizations and/or improvement efforts) and the justice-oriented citizen (who critically assesses social, political, and economic structures to see beyond surface causes) as three different types of â€Å"good citizen. † Sometimes incentives prevail over desires to be a good citizen. For example, many people will avoid coming forth as witnesses in court cases because they do not want to deal with the inconvenience and red tape. Aristotle makes a distinction between the good citizen and the good man, writing, â€Å"†¦ there cannot be a single absolute excellence of the good citizen. But the good man is so called in virtue of a single absolute excellence. It is thus clear that it is possible to be a good citizen without possessing the excellence which is the quality of a good man. † Specifically, in his view, the good citizen is measured in relation to ruling and being ruled, the good man only in ruling. Some of the ambiguity is likely due to more than one Greek word being translated â€Å"good. Many organizations attempt to promote â€Å"good citizenship. † For example, the Boy Scouts of America published Scouting for Boys: A Handbook for Instruction in Good Citizenship, and theOntario Medal for Good Citizenship is given to those who are deemed to have made outstanding contributions to the well being of their communities without expectation of remuneration or reward. Another non profit or ganization, Good Citizen, has a mission to teach Americans how to be effective citizens and focuses on 100 citizen actions. Ways to be a good citizens. We can probably be a good citizen if we follow the given instructions 1. We must obey rules and regulations. 2. We must respect all nationalities. 3. Stand for the right of others. 4. We must be helpful and considerate, willing to put others first. 5. We must listens to the views of others and thinks about what they have to say. 6. We should helps people who are not in a position to help themselves. 7. A responsible citizen always respects the environment and does not damage it in anyway. 8. We must work hard as well as willing to learn new things. 9. We must be well mannered and pleasant.